Survey of bovine norovirus infections from diarrheic calves in South Korea, 2015–2017 / 대한수의학회지

This study examined complex infections with various enteropathogens and the genetic diversity of bovine norovirus (BNoV) in 932 fecal samples from diarrheic calves in South Korea. Overall, seventeen (1.8%) of the samples tested positive for BNoV following RT-PCR examination. All BNoV-positive samples were co-infected with other intestinal pathogens, including bovine Rotavirus, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Escherichia coli. The genetic diversity of the BNoVs shared high nucleotide identity (98.1–99.5%) and amino acid homology (93.5–98.1%) with genotype 2 BNoV (GIII.2) strains. In conclusion, BNoV infections with GIII genotypes were detected in complex infections of diarrheic calves in South Korea.

Survey of bovine norovirus infections from diarrheic calves in South Korea, 2015–2017

This study examined complex infections with various enteropathogens and the genetic diversity of bovine norovirus (BNoV) in 932 fecal samples from diarrheic calves in South Korea. Overall, seventeen (1.8%) of the samples tested positive for BNoV following RT-PCR examination. All BNoV-positive samples were co-infected with other intestinal pathogens, including bovine Rotavirus, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Escherichia coli. The genetic diversity of the BNoVs shared high nucleotide identity (98.1–99.5%) and amino acid homology (93.5–98.1%) with genotype 2 BNoV (GIII.2) strains. In conclusion, BNoV infections with GIII genotypes were detected in complex infections of diarrheic calves in South Korea.

Survey of Food Allergy Perception of Teachers and Operators of Child Care Facilities: Focusing on Jung-gu and Dong-gu in Daejeon

This study was conducted to investigate the status of food allergy knowledge and management of the teachers and operators of child care facilities in the Daejeon Area. Surveys of 262 teachers and 50 operators of child care facilities in Dong-gu and Jung-gu in Daejeon were conducted. The prevalence of food allergies was found to be 3.6% (102 children). The average score of teachers in the anaphylaxis knowledge survey was 0.18±0.22. Additionally, the needs for food allergy education among teachers and operators was 88.2% and 98%, respectively. The survey revealed that all child care facilities in this study provide food service menus to parents, but only 14 facilities (28%) provided alternative food to children with food allergies, and some of these 14 facilities did not provide adequate alternatives. To ensure the safety and healthy growth of children with food allergies, it is necessary to provide food allergy education to teachers and operators, as well as to establish safe food service and allergy management systems in all child care facilities.

Causative Factors Regarding the Clinical Outcomes after Arthroscopic Treatment for Pyogenic Knee Arthritis / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the causative factors that affect the recurrence and positive culture results of pyogenic knee arthritis after arthroscopic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 69 patients, who were followed-up for more than one year after arthroscopid lavage and debridement for pyogenic knee arthritis, between February 2011 and February 2015, were retrospectively reviewed for analysis. We analyzed the factors affecting the recurrence rate, preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level, neutrophil count in synovial fluid, growth of bacteria in culture, and normalization of CRP level, and also analyzed potential factors that may influence the treatment results and recurrence. RESULTS: The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the culture-positive group (p=0.014). Culture-positive patients had low preoperative CRP (p=0.004), shorter duration for normalization of CRP (p=0.037), shorter duration of hospital stay (p=0.001) and intravenous antibiotics use (p=0.021). The duration for normalization of the CRP level had was associated with symptom-to-treatment interval (p=0.005), neutrophil count in synovial fluid (p=0.007), and growth of bacteria in the culture (p=0.001). There were 16 cases (23.2%) culture-positive cases and 15 cases (21.7%) recurrent cases. CONCLUSION: According to our study, early diagnosis and management affect rapid recovery of the CRP level in pyogenic arthritis of the knee. Preoperative CRP and leukocyte counts in the joint fluid are of diagnostic value in acute infection. However, it should not be overlooked that their diagnostic value is limited as a single factor as they may have low preoperative values. Therefore preoperative CRP and leukocyte counts in the joint fluid should be considered in conjunction with symptoms and intra-articular fluid manifestations. Bacteria growth in the culture are meaningful factors in an evaluation for postoperative recovery and recurrence.

Genetic analysis of env and gag gene fragments of bovine leukemia virus identified in cattle from Korea / 대한수의학회지

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. This study was conducted to clarify the molecular characteristics of BLVs obtained from a specific region in Korea. Proviral BLVs were detected in anti-BLV antibody-positive blood samples by PCR. Env and gag fragments were sequenced and compared to previously published reference sequences. Analysis of the env gene sequence revealed that the YI strain was highly similar to genotype 1, including United States and Japanese strains. The gag gene sequence had the highest degree of similarity with a Japanese strain.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 Expression during Distraction Osteogenesis and Fracture Healing of the Rat / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the temporal and spatial expression of Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in distraction osteogenesis and fracture healing models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Distraction osteogenesis was performed on the tibial diaphyses of Sprague- Dawley rats (latent period for 1 week, distraction for 2 weeks). The rats were euthanized at each week and the level of mRNA expression was assessed by real-time RT PCR and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Although the level of TGF-beta1 mRNA and MMP-1 mRNA expression was increased during distraction osteogenesis and fracture healing, the level of mRNA expression was significantly higher in the distraction phase in the distraction group than in the fracture healing group at the same phase. After the distraction phase, the level of mRNA expression in both groups decreased to the base line. The peak expression of mRNA was followed by that of TGF-beta1 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that TGF-beta1 was expressed mainly in the osteoblast and endothelial cells, and MMP-1 was expressed mainly in the endothelial cells of the vessel. CONCLUSION: There is specific time sequence in the expression of TGF-beta1 and MMP-1 during fracture healing and distraction osteogenesis. These results suggest that TGF-beta1 expression might be associated with the angiogenesis induced by MMP-1 expression during new bone formation.

A Comparison of Modified Subvastus and Medial Parapatellar Approach in Total Knee Arthroplasty / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the difference between the modified subvastus approach in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the medial parapatellar approach in terms of the postoperative function of the knees. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March to December 2002, 40 primary TKAs from 26 patients were divided into two groups by a prospective, randomized, blinded trial. The patients were followed up for more than 1 year. The modified subvastus approach was used in 21 knees, and the medial parapatellar approach was used in the remaining 19 knees. The time of postoperatively active straight-leg raise (SLR), and the range of flexion of the operated knee were assessed at postoperative 10 days, 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months. The degree of the patellar tilt and subluxation was investigated at postoperative 12 months. The data collected was analyzed using a t-test. RESULTS: The patients with the modified subvastus approach performed active straight-leg raise sooner mean, 0.5 day) than the patients operated on using medial parapatellar approach (mean 2.2 days). Knee flexion was better at post-operative 10 days in the modified subvastus approach group than the medial parapatellar approach group. However, there was no statistical difference after 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. The level of patellar tilt and subluxation was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: The modified subvastus approach provided the advantage of early postoperative rehabilitation in terms of an earlier active SLR and greater knee flexion at 10 days compared with the medial parapatellar approach. The use of the modified subvastus approach in primary TKA is recommended.

Results of a Mobile Bearing Total Knee Replacement: Comparison of Retention and Sacrifice of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the results of posterior cruciate ligament retention and sacrificed total knee arthroplasties with mobile bearing design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1992 and October 1997, the study consisted of two types of low contact stress(LCS) implants: a meniscal bearing implant(Group I) that retained the posterior crucaiate ligament(n=31), and a rotating platform implant(Group II) requiring sacrifice of this ligament(n=25). All patients were evaluated with pre-and postoperative range of motion and HSS(Hospital for Special Surgery)knee rating system and radiographic analysis at least five years following the knee replacement. RESULTS: The average active range of knee motion was 4 degrees-113 degrees (Group I), 5 degrees-109 degrees (Group II) preoperatively and 0 degrees-127 degrees (Group I), 0 degrees-118 degrees (Group II) at the final follow-up evaluation. The average HSS score was 61.7(Group I), 56.0(Group II) preoperatively and 90.1(Group I), 88.2(Group II) at the final follow-up evaluation. In group I, one patellar revision for patellar polyethylene breakage and one meniscal bearing change for medial meniscal bearing wear had been performed. In group II, one revision for infection and one rotating platform change had been performed for posterior instability during flexion. we had no dislocation of mobile bearing prosthesis, but 2 cases was required reoperation because of one traumatic periprosthetic fracture(Group 1) and one post. instability(Group 2). There was no significant progressive periprosthetic osteolysis on last follow-up radiographs in both groups. CONCLUSION: After five to ten years of follow-up, we found no signigicant difference between group I and II. However, it might be that subjective symptom is excellent in group I and surgical technique remains an important element of success with mobile bearing implants regardless of posterior cruciate ligament.

Auditory Brainstem Evoked Responses in Hyperbilirubinemic Neonates

No abstract available.

A Case of Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Associated with Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

No abstract available.

A Study on Bioelectric Steady State Potentials and Intraosseous Induced Poentials / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Great strides have been made not only in the research of the endogenous electrical signals,but also in the clinical application on nonunions using exogenous electrical signals. We measured human skin steady state potentials on the anteromedial surface of the twenty-eight left proximal tibiae and investigated intraosseous induced potentials created by a capacitively coupled signal applied on the proximal tibia of ten rabbits' right hind limbs. Following results were observed: 1. Human skin epiphysio-metaphyseal and epiphysio-diaphyseal potential differences in resting state were 116.1±11.7µV, and 120.5±29.4µV, respectively(P> 0.05), while those in full weight bearing were 310.3±169.4µV, and 404.2±154.1µV, respectively (P<0.05). 2. Skin steady state potentials were affected by muscle contraction and load bearing. 3. Thraugh a sequence of applied voltage of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 volts peak to peak, linear increase in the intraosseous induced potentials were produced. 4. Intraosseous induced potentials increased, although their increasing rates being decelerated, with increasing frequencies of 2, 20, 60, 120, and 200 KHz. 5. Higher intraosseous induced potentials were produced,as conductive jelly was applied between the capacitor plates and skin.

A Case of Congenital Patent Urachus

No abstract available.

Phantom Phenomena in Traumatic Amputation / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Sixty amputees who had traumatic amputations due to industrial accidents were examined on their phantom limb and phantom pain phenomena and the following results were obtained. 1. Fifty-three (93%) of sixty amputees experienced phantom limb and twenty-four (40%) experienced phantom pain. The incidence of phantom pain in the lower limb amputation (59%) is greater than that of upper limb amputation (29%). 2. Amputees with asthenic body status gave higher incidence (56%) of phantom pain than those with muscular body status (20%). None of amputees with obese body status experienced phantom pain. 3. The sensation of strong current and cramping were most predominant sensations in the phantom pain. 4. Twenty-eight (93%) of thirty amputees had experienced painless phantom limb longer than four months. 5. Six (55%) of eleven upper limb amputees with phantom pain experienced pain sensation at the tips of fingers and nine (69%) of thirteen lower limb amputees with phantom pain experienced pain at the great toe. 6. Fifty-three (88%) of sixty amputees experienced telescoping of the lost limb and twenty-three (38%) of sixty amputees experienced jerking movement of the stump. 7. In fifty-four (90%) of sixty amputees, trigger zones triggering pain in the phantom limb were found in the healthy part of the body. 8. Twenty-two (40%) of fifty-five male amputees experienced burning sensation in the phantom limb associated with urination, defecation or ejaculation. 9. Cold temperature was predominant, aggrevating factor of the phantom pain. Fitting prosthesis and alcohol intake were predominant, relieving factor of the phantom pain.

In Vitro Observation of the Phagocytic Activities of Normal Rabbit Macrophages on the Microbial Cells of Staph. albus, Staph. aureus. Es. Coli and Ps. aeruginosa / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Bacterial suspensions of Staph. albus, Staph. aureus, Es. coli and Ps. aeruginosa were added into the rabbit macrophage suspension and placed in the cubator of 37℃. After the incubation of 30, 60 and 120 minutes, percentage of macrophage with intracellular organisms, percentage of intracellular organisms, and number of bacterial cells in the macrophages were followed by microscopy of Giemsa stained preperations. Results of observation were summarized as follows. :1. In the Staph. albus-macrophage suspension; In the suspension of cell-bacterial ratio (CBR) being 1:1 or less, percentages of macrophages with intracellular organisms were small upto 120 minutes of incubation. In the suspension of CBR being about 1:100, percentage of macrophages with intracellular organisms was 40% after 30 mintes, and more than 90% after 120 minutes. Percentage of intracellular organisms was 60–80% after 30 minutes and more than 90% after 120 minutes. The more the number of organisms were present, or the longer the time of incubation elaspsed the number of intracellular organisms were greater. 2. In the Staph. aureus-macrophage suspension; Percentage of macrophages with intracellular organisms was about 25% after 30 minutes and about 85% after 120 minutes in the suspension of CBR being 1:10. In the suspension of CBR being 1:100, percentage of macrophages with intracellular organisms was 45% after 30 minutes and more than 90% after 60 minutes. 55% to 90% of organisms were located intracellularly after 30minutes and the percentages increased until 60 minutes. After 120 minutes the percentages of intracellular organisms, in the suspensions of CBR being 1:1 or more, decreased considerablly. Compared to the Staph. albus-cell suspension, more organisms were found intracellularly. 3. In the Es. coli-macrophage suspension, In the suapension of CBR being 1:100 percentage of macrophages with intracellular organisms was about 70% after 30 minutes and 99% after 120 minutes. After 30 minutes 45–70% of organism were located intracellularly and 70%–80% after 60 minutes and the percentages continued increase in the suspensions of CBR being 1:1 or less, but decreased in the suspensions of CBR being 1:10 or more. Compared to the Staphylococcus-cell suspensions, number of organisms observed intracellularly were generally smaller. 4. In the Ps. aeruginosa-macrophage suspension; About 60% of macrophages were found haboring organisms in the suspension of CBR being 1:100 after 30 minutes and 85% after 120 minutes. After 30minutes about 90% of organisms were observed intracellularly in the suspension of CBR 1:10 or more and after 60 minutes the percentage decreased. Compared to the Es. coli-macrophage suspension, the number of intracellular organisms were about the same or even less.

The Role of Lumbodorsal Fascotomy in the Treatment of Peratlytic Scoliosis and Pelvic Obliquity / 대한정형외과학회잡지

The authors carriod out lumbodorsal fasciotomy on six cases of paralytic scoliosis with pelvic obliquity. In our experience, in those older children and adolescents with paralysis in whom scoliotic curve is not severe and is more or less static, correction and maintenance of the correction can be achieved by lumbodorsal fasciotomy without resorting to spine fusion. While it is a common practice to leave a mild and static curve uncorrected, even a mild degree of scoliosis, when associated with pelvic obliquity, abduction contracture of the hip, instability of the other hip and leg length discrepancy, is a major problem in paralytic patients. Initial results indicate that lumbodorsal fasciotomy, combined with contralateral Soutters or Campbells fasciotomy if necessary, is a simple and effective method in correcting these deformities and restoring balance and function.

Congenital Pseundarthrosis of the Tibia: 3 Cases Report / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Three cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia were treated at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul national University Hospital during last four years. In all cases, many Cafe-au-lait spots and subcutaneous nodules were shown on the whoIe body skin, which are suggestive of neuro-fibromatosis. Case 1, A thirteen years old boy was treated with plate and screw fixation with massive iliac cancellous and cortical graft. In a follow-up of three and one half years, solid bony union has been obtained with successful result. Case 2, A 5 years old boy was treated with Boyds dual cortical graft with plate and screw fixation. In a follow-up to eight months, bony union were satisfactory. Case 3, A six months old boy who is young brother of case 2, was treated with Charnleys intramedullary nailing and iliac cancellous and cortical graft. The patient is still in the Iong leg cast, six months postoperatively. The evidence of familial and hereditary factor in pedigree is elicited on case 2 and 3. This congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia in the sibling is regared as the first report in Korean literature.

Clinical Analysis on Ischemic Myosits associated with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / 대한정형외과학회잡지

A clinical review and analysis was carried out on 14 cases of ischemic myositis associated with carbon monoxide poisioning treated at S.N.U.H. during the 3 year period from 1968 to 1971 with following results. l. Among 14 patients, there were 8 males and 6 females. 8 cases were between the 20–30 years of age. None was observed under 20 years old. 2. Average duration of exposure to carbon monoxide gas was 9 hours, mostly between 8–12 hours. 3. Such systemic conditions are suggested as predisposing causes leading to ischemic myositis as pregnancy, postpartum, active pulmonary tuberculosis, obesity with hypertension, and hypnotic addiction. 4. In regard to the local factors, prolonged external pressure the body is subjected to in unconcious state as well as local burn is shown to be responsible for the myositis. And in this respect Korean mode of bed on On-Dol may deserve blame for myositis because of its hardness and much heat. 5. Complications associated with ischemic myositis were 3 cases of ischemic myocarditis, 2 cases of brain syndrome and 3 cases of acute renal failure. In 3 cases of renal failure, all terminated fatally inspite of the intensive care including hemodialysis. 6. Fasciotomy should be performed cautiously, as 4 cases of secandary infection were complicated after fasciotomy on 5 cases.

Congenital Hemihypertrophy (Congenital Total Segmental Hypertrophy) / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Congenital hemihypertrophy is one of the more unusual and interesting errors of nature found in the human race. The hemihypertrophy was first described by Meckel in 1822, and the first case was recorded by Wagner in 1839. Since that time, over 140 cases have been reported. The purpose of this article is to report an additional case along with review of previous literatures.

A Clinical Study of 44 Hip Fractures / 대한정형외과학회잡지

This is to present 44 cases of hip fractures, of these 28 being fractures of femoral neck and the remainder, intertrochanteric, which were treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital for four years and 8 months from Jan. 1965 to Aug. 1969. 1. There were 33 males. and 11 females in the series. 26 cases(59.1) were over 51 years of age. 2. The femoral neck fractures were treated by means of Smith Petersen nailing in 16 cases, modified Girdlestone hip arthroplasty in 3 cases, Austin-Moore hip prosthesis in 6 cases and other methods in 3 cases. 3. Modified Girdlestone hip arthroplasty could be a treatment of choice for femoral neck fracture requiring hip arthroplasty for those unsuitable for extensive surgery. 4. The intertrochanteric fractures of femur except for 3 unstable fractures were treated successfully with the Smith-Petersen nail and plate, following anatomical reduction of fracture. In 3 unstable fractures, satisfactory stabilization and internal fixation was obtained by the method of medial displacement of proximal part of distal fragment of fracture.